Anthony, C. (1976). The Big House and the Slave Quarter. Landscape, 20(21), 8-19.
Berlin, I. (1998). Many Thousands Gone: The First Two Centuries of Slavery in North America. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.
Bishir, C.W. (2010). Urban Slavery at Work: The Bellamy Mansion Compound, Wilmington, North Carolina. Buildings and Landscapes, 17(2), 13-32.
Breeden, J.O. (1980). Advice Among Masters: The Ideal in Slave Management in the Old South. Greenwood Press, Westport, CT.
Campbell, E.D.C., Jr., & Rice, K.S. (Eds.) (1991 ). Before Freedom Came: African-American Life in the Antebellum South. University Press of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA.
Chappell, E.A. (2017). Architecture of Urban Domestic Slavery in the Chesapeake and Jamaica. In C. Ellis and R. Ginsburg (Eds.). Slavery in the City: Architecture and Landscapes of Urban Slavery in North America, pp. 19-51. University of Virginia Press, Charlottesville.
Chappell, E. (1999). Museums and American Slavery. In T. Singleton (Ed.), I, Too, Am America: Archaeological Studies of African-American Life. The University Press of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA.
Chappell, E. (1982). Slave Housing. Fresh Advices: A Research Supplement, 1-4.
Chappell, E. (2013). Housing Slavery. In C. Carson and C.L. Lounsbury (Eds.), The Chesapeake House: Architectural Investigation by Colonial Williamsburg, pp. 157-178. The University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill, NC.
Chappell, E. & V.E. Patrick (1991). Architecture, Archaeology, and Slavery in the Early Chesapeake. Paper presented at the Annual Conference of the Society for Historical Archaeology, Richmond, Virginia.
Dew, C.B. (1998). Bond of Iron: Master and Slave at Buffalo Forge. W.W. Norton, New York.
Dumas, A., N. Mooney, V. Moore, and C. Sly (2017). Cabins as Far as the Eyes Can See: An Introduction to the Black Belt Slave Housing Survey. The Alabama Review, 70(1), 22-49.
Edwards-Ingram, Y. (1998). “Trash” Revisited: A Comparative Approach to Historical Descriptions and Archaeological Analyses of Slave Houses and Yards. In G. Gundaker (Ed.), Keep Your Head to the Sky, Interpreting African American Home Ground, pp. 245-271. University Press of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA.
Edwards-Ingram, Y. (2015). Digital Archaeological Archive of Comparative Slavery. Thomas Jefferson Foundation. <http://www.daacs.org/>
Ellis, C. (2006). The Mansion House at Berry Hill Plantation: Architecture and the Changing Nature of Slavery in Antebellum Virginia. Perspectives in Vernacular Architecture, 13(1), 22-48.
Ellis, C., & R. Ginsburg (Eds.) (2017). Slavery in the City: Architecture and Landscapes of Urban Slavery in North America. University of Virginia Press, Charlottesville.
Ellis, C. & Ginsburg, R. (Eds.) (2010). Building for “Our Family, Black and White”: The Changing Form of the Slave House in Antebellum Virginia. Cabin, Quarter, Plantation: Architecture and Landscape of North American Slavery. Yale University Press, New Haven, CT.
Fesler, G. (2010). Excavating the Spaces and Interpreting the Places of Enslaved Africans and Their Descendants. In C. Ellis and R. Ginsburg (Eds.), Cabin, Quarter, Plantation: Architecture and Landscape of North American Slavery, pp. 27-49. Yale University Press, New Haven, CT.
Fesler, G. (2004). From Houses to Homes: An Archaeological Case Study of Household Formation at the Utopia Slave Quarter, ca. 1675 to 1775 [unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Department of Anthropology, University of Virginia.
Fesler, G. (2004). Living Arrangements among Enslaved Women and Men at an Early-Eighteenth-Century Virginia Quartering Site. In J.E. Galle and A.L. Young (Eds.), Engendering African American Archaeology, A Southern Perspective, pp. 177-236. University of Tennessee Press, Knoxville, TN.
Franklin, M. (2017). Archaeology and Enslaved Life on Coke’s Plantation: An Early History of the Governor’s Palace Lands. Colonial Williamsburg Foundation.
Franklin, M. (1997). Out of Site, Out of Mind: The Archaeology of an Enslaved Virginia Household, ca. 1740-1778 [unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Department of Anthropology, University of California, Berkeley, CA.
Galle, J.E. and Young, A.L. (Eds.) (2003). Engendering African American Archaeology: A Southern Perspective. University of Tennessee Press, Knoxville, TN.
Galle, J. & Neiman. F.D. (2002). Toward Regional Consensus: The Digital Archaeological Archive of Chesapeake Slavery. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Society for American Archaeology, New Orleans, Louisiana.
Greer, M. C. (2016). Archaeological Investigations of Two Possible 19th Century Quarters Sites at Belle Grove Plantation, Frederick County, Virginia: 44FK520 and 44FK521. Prepared for Belle Grove, Inc., Middletown, Virginia.
Goldfield, D.R. (1991). Black Life in Old South Cities. In E.D.C. Campbell, Jr. and K.S. Rice (Eds.), Before Freedom Came: African-American Life in the Antebellum South, pp. 123-153. University Press of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA.
Goldin, C. (1976). Urban Slavery in the American South, 1820-1860: A Quantitative History. University Press of Chicago, Chicago, IL.
Hallock, G. (2004). Pise´ Construction in Early Nineteenth-Century Virginia. Perspectives in Vernacular Architecture, 11, 40-53.
Heath, B. J., E. E. Breen, C. Ptacek, and A. Wilkins (2015). Archaeological Excavations at Wingo’s Quarter (44BE0298) Forest, Virginia: Results from the 2000-2012 Seasons. Report submitted to the National Foundation for the Humanities. Department of Anthropology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville.
Heath, B. J. (2010). Space and Place within Plantation Quarters in Virginia, 1700-1825. In C. Ellis and R. Ginsburg (Eds.), Cabin, Quarter, Plantation: Architecture and Landscapes of North American Slavery, 156-176. Yale University Press, New Haven, CT.
Heath, B. J. (2007). Space and Place within Plantation Quarters in Virginia, 1700-1825. Paper presented at the Society for Historical Archaeology annual meeting, Williamsburg, Virginia.
Heath, B. J. (1999). Hidden Lives: The Archaeology of Slave Life at Thomas Jefferson’s Poplar Forest. University Press of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA.
Heath, B.J. & Gary, J. (Eds.) (2012). Jefferson’s Poplar Forest: Unearthing a Virginia Plantation. University Press of Florida, Gainesville, FL.
Heath, B. J. and Breen, E.E. (2012). Assessing Variability among Quartering Sites in Virginia. Northeast Historical Archaeology, 38(1), 1-28.
Herman, B.L. (1999). Slave and Servant Housing in Charleston, 1770-1820. Historical Archaeology, 33(3), 88-101.
Herman, B.L. (1997). The Embedded Landscape of the Charleston Single House, 1780-1820. In A. Adams and S. McMurry (Eds.), Perspectives in Vernacular Architecture: Exploring Everyday Landscapes, 7, 41-57.
Herman, B.L. (1984). Slave Quarters in Virginia: The Persona Behind Historic Artifacts. In D. G. Orr and D. G. Crozier (Eds.) The Scope of Historical Archaeology: Essays in Honor of John Cotter, 253-283. Laboratory of Anthropology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA.
Hudgins, C.L. (2002). National Register of Historic Places Nomination, Prestwould, Clarksville, Virginia.
Kelso, W.M. (1997). Archaeology at Monticello. Thomas Jefferson Memorial Foundation, Monticello Monograph Series. Charlottesville, VA.
Kelso, W.M. (1986). The Archaeology of Slave Life at Thomas Jefferson’s Monticello: ‘A Wolf by the Ears’. Journal of New World Archaeology, 6(4), 5-20.
Kelso, W.M. (1986). Mulberry Row: Slave Life at Thomas Jefferson’s Monticello. Archaeology, 39(5), 28-35.
Kelso, W.M. (1984). Kingsmill Plantations, 1619-1800: Archaeology of Country Life in Colonial Virginia. Studies in Historical Archaeology, Academic Press, Orlando, FL.
Kern, S. (2010). The Jeffersons at Shadwell. Yale University Press, New Haven, CT.
Kern, S. (2005). The Material World of the Jeffersons at Shadwell. The William and Mary Quarterly, 62(2), 231-242.
Kimball, G.D. (2000). American City, Southern Place: A Cultural History of Antebellum Richmond. University of Georgia Press, Athens, GA.
Kimball, G.D. (1991). African-Virginians and the Vernacular Building Tradition in Richmond City, 1790-1860. In T. Carter and B.L. Herman (Eds.), Perspectives in Vernacular Architecture, 4(1):121-129.
Klingelhoffer, E. (1987). Aspects of Early Afro-American Material Culture: Artifacts from the Slave Quarters at Garrison Plantation, Maryland. Historical Archaeology, 21(2), 112-119.
Kulikoff, A. (1986). Tobacco and Slaves: The Development of Southern Cultures in the Chesapeake, 1680-1800. University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill, NC.
Loth, C. (Ed.) (1995). Virginia Landmarks of Black History: Sites on the Virginia Landmarks Register and the National Register of Historic Places. University Press of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA.
Lounsbury, C.R. (Ed.) (1994). An Illustrated Glossary of Southern Architecture and Landscape. Oxford University Press, New York, NY.
Martin, J.D. (2004). Divided Mastery: Slave Hiring in the American South. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
McDaniel, G.W. (1982). Hearth and Home: Preserving a People’s Culture. Temple University Press, Philadelphia, PA.
McInnis, M.D. (2013). Mapping the Slave Trade in Richmond and New Orleans. Building and Landscapes, 20(2), 102-125.
McKee, L.W. (1988). Plantation Food Supply in 19th-Century Tidewater Virginia [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Department of Anthropology, University of California-Berkeley.
McKee, L.W. (1987). Delineating Ethnicity from the Garbage of Early Virginians: The Faunal Remains from the Kingsmill Plantation Slave Quarters. American Archaeology, 6(1), 31-39.
Metz, J. D. (2013). Architecture, Race, and Social Control: Slave Housing in Virginia, 1790-1860. Manuscript.
Metz, J. D, and C. H. Metz (1998). Pise’ Construction and Slavery at Bremo Plantation. Paper presented at the 1998 Annual Conference of the Society for Historical Archaeology, Atlanta, Georgia
Moon, C. (2021). Timber-Framed Dwellings of the Enslaved and Freedmen in the South Carolina Lowcountry. Buildings and Landscapes, Journal of the Vernacular Architecture Forum, 28(1), 109-131.
Morgan, P.D. (1999). Slave Counterpoint: Black Culture in the Eighteenth-Century Chesapeake and Lowcountry. University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill, NC.
Neiman, F.D. (2008). The Lost World of Monticello: An Evolutionary Perspective. Journal of Anthropological Research, 64(1), 161-193.
Neiman, F.D. (2001). Changing Agricultural and Social Landscapes at Monticello: An Archaeological Perspective. Paper presented at the Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture conference, Glasgow, Scotland.
Neiman, F.D. (1998). Modeling Social Dynamics in Colonial and Ante-bellum Slave Architecture: Monticello in Historical Perspective. Paper presented at the Housing Slavery in the Age of Jefferson: Comparative Perspectives Conference, Charlottesville, VA.
Nelson, L. (2011). The Architecture of Black Identity: Buildings, Slavery, and Freedom in the Caribbean and the American South. Winterthur Portfolio, 45(2), 177-194.
Nicholls, M.L. (1982). Building the Virginia Southside: A Note on Architecture and Society in the Eighteenth Century. Manuscript.
Nicholls, M.L. (1999). ‘Strangers Setting Among Us’: The Sources and Challenge of the Urban Free Black Population of Early Virginia. The Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, 108(2), 155-179.
Pogue, D.J. (2002). The Domestic Architecture of Slavery at George Washington’s Mount Vernon. Winterthur Portfolio, 37(1), 3-22.
Pogue, D.J., and D.W. Sanford. Housing for the Enslaved in Virginia. Encyclopedia Virginia. Virginia Humanities, (20 Apr. 2022). Web. 29 Jul. 2022
Pogue, D.J., & White, E.C. (1991). Summary Report on the ‘House for Families’ Slave Quarter Site (44FX762/40-47), Mount Vernon Plantation, Mount Vernon, Virginia. Archeological Society of Virginia Quarterly Bulletin, 46(4), 189-206.
Pulice, M.J. (2000). The Log Outbuilding at Solitude: An Architectural and Archaeological Investigation of Virginia Tech’s Second Oldest Building [Unpublished masters’ thesis].
Reinhart, T.R. (Ed.) (1987). Material Culture, Social Relations, and Spatial Organization on a Colonial Frontier: The Pope Site (44SN180), Southampton County, Virginia. College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA.
Reinhart, T.R. (1984). The Archaeology of Shirley Plantation. University Press of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA.
Ridout, O.V. (1998). Wye Hundred: A Statistical Reconstruction of Slave Population and Housing. Paper presented at the Housing Slavery in the Age of Jefferson: Comparative Perspectives conference, Charlottesville, VA.
Ridout, O.V. (2014). Reediting the Architectural Past: A Comparison of Surviving Physical and Documentary Evidence on Maryland’s Eastern Shore. Building and Landscapes, 21(2), 88-112.
Samford, P. (2007). Subfloor Pits and the Archaeology of Slavery in Colonial Virginia. University of Alabama Press, Tuscaloosa, AL.
Samford, P. (1995). The Archaeology of African-American Slavery and Material Culture. William and Mary Quarterly, 53(1), 87-114.
Sanford, D.W. (2012). Towards an Archaeology of Urban Slavery: Contextual Predictions. Journal of Middle Atlantic Archaeology, 28, 143-153.
Sanford, D.W. (2012). Investigating the Slave Building at Walnut Valley Plantation (44SY0262), Surrey County, Virginia. Quarterly Bulletin of Archeological Society of Virginia, 67(1), 31-44.
Sanford, D.W. (2010). Slave Housing and Slavery in the Fredericksburg Area. The Journal of Fredericksburg History, 12, 79-93.
Sanford, D.W. (2005). A Comparative Data Base Approach to Chesapeake Slave Housing: Strength in Numbers and the Search for Patterned Diversity. Paper presented at the Annual Conference of the Society for Historical Archaeology, York, England.
Sanford, D.W. (1996). Searching and ‘Re-searching’ for the African Americans of 18th-Century Virginia. In T.R. Reinhart (Ed.), The Archaeology of 18th-Century Virginia, pp. 131-148, Spectrum Press, Richmond, VA.
Sanford, D.W. (1995). The Archaeology of Plantation Slavery at Thomas Jefferson’s Monticello: Context and Process in an American Slave Society [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Department of Anthropology, University of Virginia. Charlottesville, VA.
Sanford, D.W. (1994). The Archaeology of Plantation Slavery in Piedmont Virginia: Context and Process. In P. Shackel and B. Little (Eds.), The Historic Chesapeake, pp. 115-130. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C.
Sanford, D.W. (1991). Middle Range Theory and Plantation Archaeology: An Analysis of Domestic Slavery at Monticello, Albemarle County, Virginia, ca. 1770-1830. Quarterly Bulletin of the Archeological Society of Virginia, 46(1), 20-30.
Sanford, D.W. & Pogue, D.J. (2009). Measuring the Social, Spatial, and Temporal Dimensions of Virginia Slave Housing. Vernacular Architecture Newsletter, 122, 1-8.
Singleton, T. (1999). “I, Too, Am America”: Archaeological Studies of African-American Life. University Press of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA.
Singleton, T. (1985). The Archaeology of Slavery and Plantation Life. New York: Academic Press, New York, NY.
Sobel, M. (1989). The World They Made Together: Black and White Values in Eighteenth-Century Virginia. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.
Takagi, M. (1997). “Rearing Wolves to Our Own Destruction”: Slavery in Richmond, Virginia, 1790-1865. University Press of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA.
Tate, T.W. (1965). The Negro in Eighteenth-Century Williamsburg. University Press of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA.
Tyler-McGraw, M. & Kimball, G.D. (1988). In Bondage and Freedom: Antebellum Black Life in Richmond, Virginia. University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill, NC.
Upton, D. (1988). White and Black Landscapes in Eighteenth-Century Virginia. In R. B. St. George (Ed.), Material Life in America, 1600-1860, pp. 357-369. Northeastern University Press, Boston, MA.
Upton, D. (1982). Slave Housing in 18th-Century Virginia. Report to the Department of Social and Cultural History, on file at the National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC.
Valiente, S. (2012). Slave Housing: In Search of Endangered Architecture [Unpublished masters’ thesis]. Clemson University and the College of Charleston, Charleston, SC.
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg. Sanford, D.W. Hiring Out of the Enslaved. Encyclopedia Virginia. Virginia Humanities, (09 Sep. 2021). Web. 29 Jul. 2022
Vlach, J.M. (1995). “Snug Li’l House with Flue and Oven”: Nineteenth-Century Reforms in Plantation Slave Housing. Perspectives in Vernacular Architecture, 5, 118-129.
Vlach, J.M. (1997). ’Without Recourse to Owners’: The Architecture of Urban Slavery in the Antebellum South. In C.L. Hudgins & E.C. Cromley (Eds.), Shaping Communities: Perspectives in Vernacular Architecture, VI, pp. 150-160. The University of Tennessee Press, Knoxville, TN.
Vlach, J.M. (1993). Back of the Big House: The Architecture of Plantation Slavery. University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill, NC.
Vlach, J.M. (1991). Plantation Landscapes of the Antebellum South. In E.D.C. Campbell, Jr. and K.S. Rice (Eds.), Before Freedom Came: African-American Life in the Antebellum South, pp. 21-49. University Press of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA.
Wells, C. (1993). The Planter’s Prospect: Houses, Outbuildings, and Rural Landscapes in Eighteenth-Century Virginia. Winterthur Portfolio, 28(1), 1-31.
Wells, C. (1987). The Eighteenth-Century Landscape of Virginia’s Northern Neck. Northern Neck of Virginia Historical Magazine XXXVII, 4217-4255.
Yentsch, A.E. (1994). A Chesapeake Family and Their Slaves: A Study in Historical Archaeology. Cambridge University Press, New York, NY.
Yousaf, R. Z. (2018). Examining Slavery's Architectural Finishes: The Importance of Interdisciplinary Investigations of Humble Spaces [Unpublished masters’ thesis]. University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
Zaborney, J.J. (2012). Slaves for Hire: Renting Enslaved Laborers in Antebellum Virginia. Louisiana State University Press, Baton Rouge.